Theories of International Relations and the Hydropolitical Cycle: The Hydro-Trap and the Anarchic Nature of Water Conflict
Publisher: Springer Water
Author(s): Sameh W.H. Al-Muqdadi
Date: 2024
Topics: Conflict Causes, Conflict Prevention, Cooperation, Governance, Renewable Resources
Countries: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey
Transboundary water challenges have prompted by many scholars to investigate the relationship between water conflict/cooperation and International Relations theories. To connect theory with practice, this chapter explores the commonalities between the hydropolitical cycle (HPC) concept and some of the key theories of International Relations based on the case study of the Euphrates and Tiger river basins. The HPC framework is used to outline the possible hydropolitical consequences of water impoundment and connect them to various theories of International Relations (i.e. realism, structural realism, constructivism, and global governance). The results address the connection of these theories within the HPC components where different conflict stages and expected implications of controlling water have been embedded. Building massive dams may lead to inevitable conflicts between riparian countries and influence by regional or international anarchy. The results also show that differences in perception may lead to irrational actions at the state level, thus a global institutional framework is required to cope with the risks of water control. This work recommends a hands-on transboundary policy approach to managing the threats of utilizing massive dams in water impoundment, by adopting the Dam Index concept. A set of criteria are integrated within the Dam Index to rationalize the purpose and operation of dams, alleviate the distrust between riparian countries, and encourage cooperation to empower peacebuilding.