Argentina in the Lithium Era between the Economic Crisis and Human Rights Claims

Antonella Lemos, George Washington University (Argentina)

This paper examines lithium mining in Argentina, highlighting its dual role as a driver of economic development and energy transition for some, and a source of human rights concerns for others. It asks whether Argentina can manage this resource in a way that respects both perspectives. The analysis begins with an overview of lithium extraction in Argentina, tracing its development and exploring its economic potential alongside its environmental risks. It then reviews the legal frameworks—national and international—governing environmental protection, land ownership, and international environmental law. The paper also considers the role of lithium in Argentina’s economic crisis and energy transition. Finally, it explores how these factors can guide the country toward policies that balance local, national, and international interests while ensuring environmental sustainability and the protection of human rights.