Iraq: Water, Oil and Iraq’s Climate Future

Mar 29, 2023 | Zeinab Shuker, Middle East Research and Information Project
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For 40 years, the Iraqi state has lurched from crisis to crisis as wars and domestic conflicts have devastated the country’s infrastructure and institutions. The Iran-Iraq war was followed by 13 years of punishing economic sanctions, which began in the 1990s. The 2003 Anglo-US invasion of Iraq has left the state, 20 years later, in political and economic disarray.